Bisphenol a bpa is an organic synthetic compound with the chemical formula ch 3 2 c c 6 h 4 oh 2 belonging to the group of diphenylmethane derivatives and bisphenols, with two hydroxyphenyl groups. Until recently, there were relatively few epidemiological studies examining the relationship between. Estrogens are a group of steroid compounds which function as the primary female sex hormone. It has the tendency of migrating into food stored in materials containing it. Bisphenol a, exposure, children, pregnant women, dietary exposure, neurodevelopment. Bisphenol a bpa is an industrial chemical that has been present in many. Achieving clarity on low dose effects of bisphenol a. Phthalates and bisphenol a bpa are used for a variety of purposes in plastics and personal care products. When bpa is ingested through contact with food, it is rapidly converted into a metabolite bpaglucuronide that has no known biological activity. Executive summary this report provides information on bisphenol a bpa, its use in thermal paper, and possible. Bisphenola bpa is a synthetic chemical ubiquitous in the environment and listed as an endocrine disruptor.
You may have heard claims that bpa exposure causes health effects in people. Bpa has been linked to developmental effects, neurological problems, and low sperm counts. A number of effects of bpa in animals have been extensively investigated and target organs identified in repeatdose animal studies include intestine, liver and kidney. More research is needed to understand the human health effects of exposure to bpa. Bisphenol a bpa is a chemical produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins.
Health effects of bpa september 2011 page 2306 key words bisphenol a, health effects, reprotoxicity, development, fertility, neurotoxicity, endocrine disruptor. Bpa is mainly classified as an estrogenlike endocrinedisrupting chemical. Adverse health effects of bisphenol a adverse health effects of bisphenol a bpa. Joint faowho expert meeting 25 november 2010 and stakeholder meeting on bisphenol a 1 november 2010, ottawa, canada, 2010. Exposure to bpa starts in prenatal period, which is the critical period for its toxic. Jun 06, 2014 data on human exposures and health effects empirical data from in vivo and in vitro laboratory testing computational techniques, including predictive algorithms and mathematical models that describe a selected process e. You can also find polycarbonate plastic in eyeglass lenses. Plastics now comprise nearly 70% of the synthetic chemical industry in the nation. Cabaton n, canlet c, wadia p, tremblayfranco m, gautier r, molina j, sonnenschein c, cravedi j, rubin b, soto a and zalko d 20 effects of low doses of bisphenol a on the metabolome of perinatally exposed cd1 mice, environmental health perspectives, 121. There is growing evidence that bisphenol a bpa may adversely affect humans. Bisphenola bpa health and safety chemical safety facts.
Exposure to bisphenol a and other phenols in neonatal. In addition, it is used as an additive agent in the fabrication process of polyvinyl chloride pvc. The human health effects endpoints evaluated in dfe alternatives assessments include acute toxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, skin sensitization, respiratory sensitization, eye irritation, and dermal irritation. Bpa is an endocrine disruptor that has been shown to be harmful in laboratory animal studies. Bpa exposure has an effect on one of the most common health problems in women polycystic ovary syndrome, due to a change in hormone secretion. In 2008, the possible health risks of bisphenol a bpa a common chemical in plastic made headlines. Bisphenol a bpa in plastics and possible human health effects congressional research service 3 in children. Correlation between bisphenol a exposure and adverse health. Moreover, bpa was evaluated by the european food safety authority efsa in 2006, 2008, 2010, 20, and 2015. Bisphenol a bpa in plastics and possible human health effects. Bisphenol a bpa is an industrial chemical used to make a hard, clear plastic known as polycarbonate, which is used in many consumer products, including reusable water bottles and baby bottles. For this reason, the skin is often exposed to potentially hazardous agents, including chemicals, which may contribute to the onset of a spectrum of adverse health effects ranging from localized damage e.
Who toxicological and health aspects of bisphenol a. For your safety, download this pdf file called check the kind of plastics you use by the pediatric environmental health specialty units pehsu of the association of occupational and environmental clinics aoec. Parents were alarmed, pediatricians flooded with questions, and stores quickly soldout. Developmental toxicity for fetuses, infants, and children effects on the brain, behavior,and prostate gland developmental toxicity for fetuses, infants, and children effects on the mammary gland and early puberty. Effects of bisphenol a on male and couple reproductive. Bpa bisphenol a bpa bisphenol a bpa is used to make polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins that are essential to a wide variety of consumer and industrial products, including many applications important to public health and food safety. Yet in humans, the studies exploring the effect of this bpa on male reproductive health including semen quality, reproductive hormones, and couple fecundity and fertility, have produced inconsistent results. Effects of bisphenol a on male and couple reproductive health. The niehs and ntp are supporting research to better understand the potential health effects of exposure to bpa.
The latest information indicates that bpa can pose potential health risks. Fourth national report on human exposure to environmental. Phthalates and bpa are manmade chemicals called endocrine disruptors. Bisphenol a is an endocrine disruptor that can mimic estrogen and has been shown to cause negative health effects in animal studies. Phthalates and bisphenol a what are phthalates and bpa. Bpa has been shown to affect the reproductive systems of laboratory animals. Pdf bisphenol a bpa is a high production endocrine disrupting chemical found in numerous consumer products.
We also know from recent scientific research that because of the way bpa is processed in the body, it is very unlikely that bpa from typical human exposures could cause health effects. Bisphenol a controversy centers on concerns and debates about the biomedical significance of bisphenol a bpa, which is a precursor to polymers that are used in some consumer products, including some food containers. Pdf bisphenol a bpa is a plastic ingredient produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy. Virginia department of health division of environmental epidemiology 101 north 14th street. What is the effect of bisphenol a on humans and the environment. An overview summary bisphenol a bpa is a key industrial chemical used to make polycarbonate plastic. Bisphenol a bpa in plastics and possible human health. The concerns began with the hypothesis that bpa is an endocrine disruptor, i. August 2015 supercedes version dated january 2014 i. Toxicological and health aspects of bisphenol a pdf 905. Bisphenola bpa in foods commonly consumed in southwest. How does bisphenol a work, and how can it affect my health. Bisphenol a closely mimics the structure and function of the hormone estradiol by binding to and activating the same estrogen receptor as the natural hormone. In 2006, efsa established the tolerable daily intake tdi of 0.
Federal environment agency evaluation of risks to human health. Exposure to bisphenol a in the workplace and environment are well below the safe levels established by government agencies worldwide. This means that once the chemical is in the body, it can act in place of a normal hormone in this case estrogen and disrupt normal processes in the body. Health hazard information acute health effects the following acute shortterm health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to bisphenol a. Achieving clarity on low dose effects of bisphenol a bisphenol a toxic plastics chemical in cannned food. Bpa or bisphenol a has been in the news over the past several years. Bisphenol a bpa is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant with endocrinedisrupting properties and suspected to affect human reproduction. Global consumption of bpa in 2011 was predicted to exceed 5. In the last decade, attention has arisen in scientific communities that it is not safe to use this chemical in mainly polycarbonate plastics. Ehhis report focuses on two plastic ingredients bisphenol a bpa and di2ethylhexyl phthalate dehp. Chapel hill bisphenol a expert panel consensus statement. Bpa is used primarily in making polycarbonate plastic and some epoxy resins. Feb 26, 2019 bisphenol a bpa is used as a plasticizer in polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resin production.
Pdf human health effects of bisphenol a researchgate. Polycarbonate plastic is used to make hard plastic items, such as baby bottles, reuseable water bottles, food containers, pitchers, tableware and other storage containers. Update on bisphenol a for use in food contact applications. Health effects of bisphenol a 7 results 9 corporate and governmental policies addressing bpa 11 conclusions and recommendations references 15 appendix 1. Bisphenol a bpa is a synthetic compound for hardening and clearing polycarbonate plastics. What is more, they did not observe adverse health effects. Bisphenol a bpa is used as a plasticizer in polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resin production. It is a colorless solid that is soluble in organic solvents, but poorly soluble in water 0. Bisphenola bpa is a common chemical used to produce polycarbonate plastic. Update on bisphenol a for use in food contact applications u. Health hazard and toxicity in humans and laboratory animals reproductive and developmental effects.
Bisphenol a bpa is an organic compound that is widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastic containers for food use, such as clear single use and multiple use drinks bottles. Bisphenol a is a nonsteroidal xenoestrogen that exhibits approximately 10 4 the activity of estradiol witorsch, 2002. Population in the fourth national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals fourth report, cdc scientists measured bpa in the urine of 2,517 participants aged six years and. Until recently, there were relatively few epidemiological studies examining the relationship between bpa and health effects in humans. The major concern about health effects from exposure to bpa relates to its estrogenlike activity. National toxicology program, department of health and human services, center for the evaluation of risks to human reproduction ntpcerhr monograph on the potential human reproductive and developmental effects of bisphenol a.
Bpa is additionally used in many other consumer goods such as thermal receipt paper to be banned in the eu from 2020, toys and. Pdf health risk of exposure to bisphenol a bpa researchgate. Bisphenol a an industrial chemical with adverse effects. Containers made with these plastics may expose people to small amounts of bpa in food and water. Bisphenol a bpa is a chemical used to make polycarbonate plastic.
Bisphenol a is also found in epoxy resins, which act as a protective lining on the inside of metalbased food and beverage cans. World health organization who 2010 toxicological and health aspects of bisphenol a. Developmental toxicity for fetuses, infants, and children effects on the brain, behavior,and prostate gland developmental toxicity for fetuses, infants, and children effects on. Until more is known, it is best to take a precautionary approach by preventing and reducing phthalate and bpa exposures. They can affect hormones such as estrogen and testosterone, which are important for the reproductive. How bpa affects peoples health human health effects from bpa at low environmental exposures are unknown. Aug 14, 2014 world health organization who 2010 toxicological and health aspects of bisphenol a. In addition, it is used as an additive agent in the fabrication process of polyvinyl chloride pvc as well as in manufacturing healthcare machines, contact lenses, toys, window foils, and storage media. The cstee further remarked, a number of high quality studies on the reproductive and developmental effects of bisphenol a are already available and do not support lowdose effects. Implications for the use of bpa in hemodialyzers and other medical equipment bisphenol a is a very high volume chemical with estrogenic activity that is used in a wide range of prod. Bisphenol a bpa in plastics and possible human health effects congressional research service summary bisphenol a bpa is used to produce certain types of plastic that are used in thousands of formulations for myriad products. Sep 15, 2016 bisphenol a bpa is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant with endocrinedisrupting properties and suspected to affect human reproduction.
However, the effects of most concern have been those related to the hormonal activity of bpa and potentially related effects on physical, neurological and behavioural development. Bisphenol a bpa is an organic synthetic compound with the chemical formula ch 3 2 cc 6 h 4 oh 2 belonging to the group of diphenylmethane derivatives and bisphenols, with two hydroxyphenyl groups. Center for the evaluation of risks to human reproduction. For adult foods, 30 studies representing about samples from several countries were available, and the data were segregated according to food type. Bisphenol a bpa belongs to chemicals that are produced in large quantities worldwide.
Department of health and human services hhs, national toxicology program, center. You may have seen water bottles labeled bpa free or heard that certain foods contain bpa. Polycarbonate plastics have many applications including use in some food and drink packaging, e. Bpa is also used in the internal coatings of some food and beverage cans. A variety of other toxic effects have also been noted. In toddler food, bpa concentrations were approximately 1 gkg on average. Not enough scientific evidence was found for the adverse effects of this compound efsa, 2012. In addition, consumer products derived from bisphenol a that come in contact with foods or beverages are safe for their intended uses and are strictly regulated by government agencies worldwide.
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